Exposure to extreme cold or hot can reduce product efficacy. Drench guns should be cleaned after each use, and they can be stored in a Ziploc bag after they dry. Routine maintenance leads to proper function. It is also important that the drench gun delivers the intended dose.
Underdosing can exacerbate resistance by leaving parasite populations that are unaffected by the dewormer. These remaining unaffected parasites reproduce and contribute resistant genes to the following generations.
This, overtime, leads to more parasites with resistant genes than without. Calculating dosages correctly and administering them accurately can help prevent that problem. When possible, dosages should be calculated based on the weight of the individual animal. Except for dewormers with the active ingredient levamisole e. Administrating drench over the tongue into the back of the mouth and ensuring it is swallowed will also help deliver an intended dose.
Drench that is spat back out will not deliver an intended dose, and the animal should be re-drenched. Lastly, sheep and goats have different dosing requirements. Goats have a higher metabolism and therefore a higher dosing requirement. Drenching a goat using a sheep recommended rate will result in underdosed animals and reduced efficacy. Table 1 is a good resource for checking dose requirements on common dewormers for sheep and goats but should not replace information on product labels or instructions from your veterinarian.
It is important to note that many dewormers used for goats are extra-label uses requiring a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship. Nor are there any agreed upon thresholds eggs per gram for treatment.
Better uses of fecal egg counts are determining dewormer resistance, monitoring pasture contamination, and identifying resistant or susceptible animals. Cattle Tales Livestock is a quarterly newsletter published by the University of Maryland Extension that focuses on bringing timely, relevant information to Maryland's livestock producers. To subscribe to this newsletter, click the button below to enter your contact information.
Updated: June 29, Cattle Tales Livestock Newsletter, May , Edition 1 Cattle Tales Livestock is a quarterly newsletter published by the University of Maryland Extension that focuses on bringing timely, relevant information to Maryland's livestock producers.
Note that these withdrawal times are only applicable for the sheep oral drench at the dose given here. Higher doses will require a longer withdrawal time. There is 0 zero withdrawal time for milk in lactating cattle and dairy goats. Meat withdrawal time for goats is 30 days.
Because of the large differences in morantel concentration among the various products, it is important to carefully read the label and make sure you are dosing correctly. The dosage on the chart above is for Durvet Rumatel.
BW; and with Manna Pro feed 1. There is also a highly concentrated form called Rumatel 88, but this is meant for mixing into large volumes of feed feed 0. If an elevated dose is used then withdrawal times would need to be extended. It takes less than 3 weeks from the time a worm larvae is eaten off the pasture until it becomes a blood-sucking, egg-laying adult.
Giving wormer to an animal only helps that animal for 3 weeks and does nothing for the worms that are on the pasture.
Actually, worming animals as we have been doing is making the situation worse because the worms are very good at becoming resistant to the wormers we use. Rotating wormers was a good idea at the time, but in practice has actually caused worms to become resistant to more wormers rather than the other way around.
There are a dozen or so wormers on the market, all with different-sounding names. There are only 3 classes of wormers.
Worms develop resistance not just to one wormer but to all the wormers in that class. Benzimidazoles: white wormers Panacur, Safeguard, Valbazen Avermectins: Ivomec, Cydectin, Dectomax, Eprinex Imidathiazoles: Levamisol, Tramisol, Pyranted, Morantel, id There is a test called DrenchRite that uses a pooled sample from animals and tests for resistance to all 3 classes of wormers.
It is available through Dr. This should ideally be done every 2 years to make sure you are using the right wormer for the job. In the past, resistance was not as much of a problem because there was always a new and better drug in the pipeline to save the day. Resistance is developing to Cydectin. Some farms are down to their last usable wormer. If we continue doing what we are doing, we may have no wormers available to use in the near future.
What can we do? Extend the usefulness of the wormers that we have. Develop other strategies for controlling worms, such as fungi that trap worm larvae, copper boluses in the rumen and vaccines. A low number of worms are actually a good thing.
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