For nearly a century, scientists have been aware of a 4. But until recently, they had been unable to explain how it got so deep. The Weber Deep is the deepest point in the ocean that is not in a trench; trenches are formed during the subduction of two tectonic plates — when one slides under the other.
However, the Weber Deep is a forearc basin, which is essentially a depression located in front of the Banda arc curved chain of volcanic islands , according to New Atlas. So the question remained: Why is the Weber Deep as deep as a trench?
Based on studies of the sea bed and knowledge of geology, one hypothesis stated that the abyss was the result of an extension along a potential low-angle fault — but this theory had remained unproven. Lead researcher Jonathan Pownall came upon extensions of the fault line on the mountains of the Banda arc islands while on a boat trip.
Through further analysis of high-resolution maps of the sea floor, the geologists discovered that the bottom-level rocks were cut by hundreds of straight parallel scars. This Banda Detachment fault represents a rip in the ocean floor that is exposed for more than 23, square miles 60, square km. In fact, in some areas, the amount of extension was so severe that there was no longer any trace of oceanic crust, according to New Atlas.
The new find will help geologists assess the dangers of future tsunamis stemming from this area which is located in the Ring of Fire, a hotbed of earthquake and volcanic activity in the Pacific Ocean. St Helens is an example of volcano that results from a subduction zone. Western Oregon has vast lava beds of basaltic lava. There are no volcanos that were the source of these horizontal layers of lava.
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