The Atharvaveda, which belongs to the early iron age, throws light on the fact that early Indians used medications and ailments from herbs and other medicinal plants. The period from BCE till BCE is considered the golden age of medicine in India with the introduction of medical treaties by Chakra, a physician, and Sushruta, a surgeon of ancient India. The knowledge of anatomy in ancient India was minimal as the Hindus were not allowed to cut dead bodies. The Indian physicians used all five senses in the diagnosis of diseases.
The Indians were known to have identified around medicinal plants in ancient times. They were also known for using animal parts for remedies. On the other hand, Chinese medicine was of great importance in history. The Chinese considered the human body to be made up of five elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. According to the ancient Chinese Anatomy, The body contained five organs: heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidney, and the blood vessels contained blood and air. Japanese medicine, on the other hand, is considered interesting for its slow start and rapid modernization.
Japanese medicine took a turn in CE when few Japanese physicians were sent to China for study. The Chinese have a significant influence on the Japanese medical system. In his works, he has discussed different kinds of diseases and their treatment.
These diseases and treatments are classified according to body parts. The first doctor in the world was from the Egyptian civilization. According to the medical information given in the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which dates back to BC, Imhotep is credited with being the first doctor in the world. David and Valerie Solomon Award. About David and Valerie Solomon. Media releases. Newsroom for media. ATSE social media assets. The Board.
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Contact us. Meet the team. This was the germ theory of disease. However, many scientists could not believe that microscopic beings could harm and even kill people and other comparatively large species.
Pasteur said that many diseases, including tuberculosis TB , cholera, anthrax , and smallpox, happen when germs enter the body from the environment. He believed that vaccines could prevent such diseases and went on to develop a vaccine for rabies.
Florence Nightingale — was a British nurse, statistician, and writer. She did pioneering nursing work while caring for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War. Nightingale was from a well-connected family. At first, they did not approve of her studying nursing. However, her parents eventually agreed that she could take a 3-month nursing course in Germany in The Crimean War broke out in Sidney Herbert, the Minister for War, asked Nightingale to lead a team of nurses in the military hospitals in Turkey.
She arrived in Scutari, Turkey in with 34 nurses whom she had trained. Nightingale was shocked by what she saw. Exhausted medical staff members were tending to wounded soldiers in unbearable pain, many of whom were dying unnecessarily, while the officials in charge remained indifferent.
A lack of medication and poor hygiene standards led to mass infection. Nightingale and her team worked tirelessly to improve hygiene and provide patient services, including cooking facilities and a laundry. Under her influence, the fatality rate fell by two-thirds. In , Nightingale founded a training school for nurses in London.
Nurses who trained there went on to work all over the United Kingdom. They took with them everything that they had learned about sanitation and hygiene, proper hospital planning, and the best ways to achieve health. Childbed fever was fatal in 25 to 30 percent of sporadic cases and 70 to 80 percent of epidemic cases.
She promoted the education of women in medicine. He demonstrated its effectiveness to the public using 50 sheep. All 25 of the unvaccinated sheep died, but only one vaccinated sheep perished, probably from an unrelated cause. He later received the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
It was a synthetic version of salicin, which they derived from the plant species Filipendula ulmaria meadowsweet. Within 2 years, it became a global commercial success. His lab also discovered arsphenamine Salvarsan , the first effective treatment for syphilis. These discoveries were the start of chemotherapy. This discovery changed the course of history, saving millions of lives. He later pioneered artificial organs. Gilman and Louis S. Goodman discovered the first effective cancer chemotherapy drug, nitrogen mustard, after noticing that soldiers had abnormally low levels of white blood cells following exposure to nitrogen mustard.
With Harold Harrison, he created the first electrolyte-glucose solution for clinical use. John Heysham Gibbon, an American surgeon, invented the heart-lung machine. He also performed the first ever open-heart surgery, repairing an atrial septal defect, also known as a hole in the heart.
He also developed the first inkjet ECG printer. Black, a Scottish doctor and pharmacologist, invented the first beta-blocker after investigating how adrenaline affects the functioning of the human heart.
The drug, Propranolol, is a treatment for heart disease. Black also developed cimetidine, a treatment for stomach ulcers. Sternbach, a Polish chemist, discovered diazepam Valium. Throughout his career, Sternbach also discovered chlordiazepoxide Librium , trimethaphan Arfonad , clonazepam Klonopin , flurazepam Dalmane , flunitrazepam Rohypnol , and nitrazepam Mogadon.
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