Though it's never been condemned by the Church, liberation theology has remained a fringe movement. Ratzinger's main objection was that some theologies in the movement were utilizing Marxist class analysis, which is a philosophy Catholicism rejects.
There was also a concern in Rome that certain priests were advocating violence - they weren't. Some of them, though, were sympathetic to certain movements that sought to overthrow the power structures of the ruling elite. Rome also felt that liberation theology put too much emphasis on sin as a social condition, and too little emphasis on sin as an individual spiritual state. Since Francis is the first pope from Latin America, some have speculated that the Church is entering a new era of openness to liberation theology.
Francis invited Gutierrez to the Vatican last September for a private meeting, which many took as a symbolic gesture that liberation theology was now welcome in Rome.
Francis is also friendly to the idea of a " decentralization " of the Church, which is a concept articulated early on in the liberation movement. To be clear, Francis has never fully endorsed liberation theology. In the book El Jesuita , Bergoglio said that there are both pros and cons to it. Beginning in May , the military junta ruling Argentina began arresting left-leaning individuals with the intention of purging Argentina of communists and other subversives.
This purge, which lasted from to , is known as the Dirty War. The main accusation against Bergoglio is that during this time, he was involved with the arrest and torture of two left-leaning Jesuit priests named Orlando Yorio and Francisco Jalics.
According to James Carroll's New Yorker profile on Pope Francis, the two priests "embraced a profound solidarity with the poor," which earned them the suspicion of the military junta. Francis tried to rein in the priests, and when they continued to disobey his orders, he threatened them with expulsion. Yorio and Jalics were eventually arrested. Since their brush with Bergoglio happened around the same time, the two Jesuits thought he had betrayed them to the military.
However, Francis denies the accusation, saying that he " set the ball rolling " to ensure their release "the very night" of the arrest. Whatever happened behind the scenes, the fact remains that the two priests were eventually released after five months of torture. Yorio died in , convinced that Bergoglio was responsible for his arrest. Jalics, however, has since denied Francis' involvement with his and Yorio's arrest, saying his original assumption of Francis' complicity was "unfounded.
According to Andrew Sullivan , though the details remain murky, "it is fair to say that during this period, Bergoglio was no hero.
My authoritarian and quick manner of making decisions led me to have serious problems and to be accused of being ultraconservative. Benedict was the first papal tweeter. During his reign, he sent out 39 tweets, the last of which was tweeted on Feb. When Francis took over the papacy, he also took over the pontifex handle. Pontifex means "bridge-builder" in Latin.
Benedict's coat of arms as well as his tweets were then removed from the pontifex Twitter feed, but are still available to read in an archive at the Vatican. Pontifex currently has more than 10 million followers , but only follows his 8 foreign language accounts i.
This is very much a work in progress. It will continue to be updated as events unfold, new research gets published, and fresh questions emerge. So if you have additional questions or comments or quibbles or complaints, send a note to Brandon Ambrosino: brandon vox. If you really want to know about Pope Francis, read his first apostolic exhortation, The Joy of the Gospel. The interview that America published is especially insightful.
Paul Vallely's biography Pope Francis: Untying the Knots was published to positive reviews six months after Francis' election. For more information on liberation theology, read Notes for a Theology of Liberation by Gustavo Gutierrez. On Heaven and Earth is a collection of conversations between Bergoglio and Rabbi Abraham Skorka, and highlights Francis' efforts at interfaith dialogue.
In general, Thomas Bokenkotter's A Concise History of the Catholic Church is a good place to start if you're interested in learning more about the history of Catholicism. Our mission has never been more vital than it is in this moment: to empower through understanding. Financial contributions from our readers are a critical part of supporting our resource-intensive work and help us keep our journalism free for all.
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Sarah reproduced letters from Benedict making clear the year-old pope had written the text and approved of publishing it as a book. We're not done yet! Your opinion can help us make it better. We use cookies to improve our service for you. You can find more information in our data protection declaration. Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected Catholic pope by the papal conclave in , after his predecessor, Pope Benedict, resigned. He chose his papal name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi.
He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in He became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires in , and was created a Cardinal in Pope Francis has been noted for his humility, his concern for the poor. Religious minorities in India have reported increased discrimination and violence since Narendra Modi took office in The pope wants to make an official trip to the South Asian nation, but has so far been shunned.
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