Most SC sprains occur when an athlete is struck on the back or side of the shoulder. Typically, the resulting injury is a sprain, but it is also possible to dislocate the joint. The clavicle can be dislocated forwards or backwards with regards to the sternum. Dislocating the clavicle backwards can be very dangerous, as blood vessels, nerves, the trachea windpipe , and the esophagus are located behind the clavicle and sternum.
A sports medicine physician will perform a thorough history and physical exam and determine the source of the pain. X-rays may be obtained, but they may not be able to evaluate the full extent of the injury, so further testing like a computed tomography CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging MRI may be necessary.
If a dislocation occurs, treatment and its degree of urgency depends on which direction the clavicle is dislocated. If the clavicle dislocates forward, the physician may opt to try and put it back in place, but more often this injury can be adequately treated with a sling or a brace. For a clavicle dislocated backwards, there is a higher likelihood that surgery will be required. This is especially true in cases where an athlete experiences difficulty breathing, and in this case, should be managed as a true emergency.
Injury Prevention There is nothing specific an athlete can do to prevent an SC sprain. That being said, all athletes should be well trained and conditioned in order to be best prepared for safety and success in the sport of their choosing. Accessed Sept. Hatch RL, et al.
Clavicle fractures. Peters MDJ. Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating broken collarbones in adolescents and adults. Orthopedic Nursing. McKee-Garrett TM. Neonatal birth injuries.
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